Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Rizk ¹, F. Belal ¹, F. Ibrahim ¹, S. Ahmed ¹, Z. A. Sheribah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, EG

Abstract

A derivative UV-spectrophotometric method was developed for the analysis of two halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives; iodochlorohyroxyquin (I) (Clioquinol) and di-iodohydroxyquin (II) (iodoquinol). The proposed method depends on the formation of Pd II-ligand complexes in methanol-acetonitrile mixture, which exhibits an UV-spectra with an appreciable value of ε. Zero order (⁰D), first order (¹D) and fourth order (⁴D) derivative measurements were applied for the quantitative analysis of the drugs. A linear correlation was established between absorbance and concentration for the ⁰D mode in the range 2-14 μg ml^-1 and 2-18 μg ml^-1 for (I) and (II) with average % recoveries of 99.83 ± 1.04 and 99.9 ± 10.64 respectively. Also a linear correlation was obtained between the trough of the peak and concentration for ¹D mode in the range of 0.16-0.8 μgml^-1 for both drugs with average % recoveries of 100.23 ± 1.04 and 100.18 ± 1.14 for (I) and (II) respectively. Besides, the ¹D mode was successfully applied for the analysis of binary mixture containing both (II) and metronidazole (III) in tablet formulations. The average % recoveries were 99.42 ± 0.358 and 98.81 ± 0.973 for (II) and (III) respectively. In the ⁴D mode, a linear correlation was attained between the amplitude of the peak and concentration in the range 0.1-0.8 μg ml^-1 for (I) and (II), with average % recoveries of 99.6 ± 0.84 and 100.06 ± 0.98. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.1ng ml^-1 and 2.3ng ml^-1 for (I) and (II) respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for accurate, sensitive and selective analysis of the studied drugs in bulk and single or combined dosage forms with average % recoveries of 99.74 ± 0.480-99.84 ± 0.515 and 99.44 ± 0.71-100.58 ± 1.06 for (¹D) and (⁴D) respectively. The results obtained were favorably compared to those given by a reference method.

Keywords

Derivative Spectrophotometry, Halogenated 8-hydroxyquinolines, Pd (II)-complexes, Clioquinol, Iodoquinol, Dosage Forms.

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S. Chandra ¹, S. Atal ¹, N. S. Krishnamurthy ¹, k. Subrahmanyam ¹, R. Rangarajan ¹, D. V. Reddy ¹, P. Nagbhushanam ¹, J. V. S. Murthy ¹, S. Ahmed ¹, V. P. Dimri ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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N. C. Mondal ¹, S. Ahmed ¹

Affiliations
1 Aquifer Mapping Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, IN

Abstract

Oozing of groundwater in Jodhpur city in the desert area of Rajasthan, India has caused weakening of foundations and cellars of buildings and shops. It has become more significant since 1996 when Kaylana lake was connected with Rajiv Gandhi Lift Canal (RGLC) water supply and filling of the lake had started. This has resulted in fear among dwellers about any future calamity. The hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic studies clearly indicated that the lake water is responsible for the oozing phenomenon in the area. This article highlights a landscape entropy approach to assess pathways causing rise in the level of groundwater integrating the measured lake water level and groundwater table in a few selected wells in the city. With the fractional information of lake water and groundwater, marginal entropies of lake water and depths to groundwater in the selected wells sites are calculated. Mutual information, on common uncertainty associated in the measurements of lake water and groundwater, is also provided. Subsequently, ratios of mutual information to marginal entropy of the lake water are used as a measure for demarcating the pathways of weak zones, which correlate well with the lineaments delineated from satellite imagery. The results of this study represent a base for additional insight on future work, which will help in tracing the connectivity of weak zones causing oozing of water in Jodhpur city, and evolving a plan for remedial measures.

Keywords

Desert Area, Landscape Entropy, Marginal Entropy, Oozing of Water.

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P. D. Sreedevi ¹, S. Owais ¹, H. H. Khan ¹, S. Ahmed ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Abstract

An attempt has been made to study drainage morphometry and its influence on hydrology of Wailapalli watershed, South India. For detailed study we used Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data for preparing Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect grid and slope maps, Geographical information system (GIS) was used in evaluation of linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The study reveals that the elongated shape of the basin is mainly due to the guiding effect of thrusting and faulting. The lower order streams are mostly dominating the basin. The development of stream segments in the basin area is more or less affected by rainfall. The mean Rb of the entire basin is 3.89 which indicate that the drainage pattern is not much influenced by geological structures. Relief ratio indicates that the discharge capability of these watersheds is very high and the groundwater potential is meager. These studies are very useful for planning rainwater harvesting and watershed management.

Keywords

Morphometric Analysis, SRTM Data, GIS, Wailapalli Watershed, Andhra Pradesh.

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N. C. Mondal ¹, A. Bhuvaneswari Devi ², P. Anand Raj ², S. Ahmed ¹, K. V. Jayakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Aquifer Mapping Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
2 Water and Environmental Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506 004, IN

Abstract

This article aims to establish an empirical relationship among geoelectrical properties of aquifer and hydrogeological parameters to estimate its hydraulic properties, and reduce the processes of pumping test, which are costly and time consuming. A total of 19 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were collected using Schlumberger configuration in a granitic terrain in Tamil Nadu. The geographical parameters were analysed with IX1-D v.3 Interprex software. The pumping test conducted on nearby open wells was also used. A cross-correlation test was ascertained between hydraulic conductivity (K) and aquifer resistivity (ρ). It was found that hydraulic conductivity is best defined as an exponential function of aquifer resistivity. The field parameters, A = 20.235 and B = 0.012, of the function were optimized by using 'Solver', with the least SSQ (=7.82) and MARE (=0.816). It helped to estimate hydraulic parameters along with an empirical equation without pumping test data. The results emphasized the potential of surfacial resistivity survey in granitic area to determine aquifer properties where well information is not available.

Keywords

Field Parameters, Granitic Terrain, Geoelectrical Properties, Hydraulic Conductivity, Shallow Aquifer.

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K. S. Aprameya ¹, R. S. Anand ², B. K. Mishra ³, S. Ahmed ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engg, University BDT College of Engg, Davangere, IN
2 Department of Electrical Engg, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, IN
3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engg, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, IN
4 Naval Surface Warfare Center, Maryland, US

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative study of flaw response with the grain noise signal in an ultrasonic pulse echo simulation. This is one of the analytical methods to determine the flaw response. The flaw response is predicted using the approximation techniques like Kirchoff approximation, Born approximation and modified Born approximation. The grain noise signal generated in addition to flaw response is modelled analytically. By comparing the results of predicted flaw response and grain noise signal, the possibility of flaw detection can be estimated. Here the flaw considered for study is a spherical void and the material selected for study is a polycrystalline metal. Firstly, the comparison is made for 1 MHz circular transducer and secondly the study is performed for different center frequencies of transducer.

Keywords

Spherical Void, Pulse Echo Simulation, Scattering Amplitude, Grain Noise Signal, Predicted Flaw Response.

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